Browsing by Subject "kasviperäinen proteiini"
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(2020)Tiivistelmä Tausta ja tavoitteet. FinRavinto 2017 -tutkimuksen mukaan suomalainen aikuisväestö sai noin kaksi kolmasosaa proteiinista eläinperäisistä lähteistä. Kasviperäisen proteiinin osuuden kasvattaminen olisi tärkeää sekä terveyden että kestävän kehityksen näkökulmasta, jolloin proteiinin laadun merkitys korostuu. Suomalaisten aminohappojen saannista ei ole ajantasaista tutkimustietoa. Työn tavoitteena on päivittää FinRavinto 2017 -aineiston keskeisimpien proteiinin lähteiden aminohappo- koostumustiedot Fineli-tietokantaan ja analysoida välttämättömien aminohappojen sekä kasvi- ja eläinperäisen proteiinin saanti ja lähteet suomalaisessa aikuisväestössä. Aineisto ja menetelmät. THL:n toteuttama FinRavinto 2017 -tutkimus on osa FinTerveys 2017 -tutkimusta, joka toteutettiin 50 paikkakunnalla ympäri Suomen. FinTerveys 2017 -tutkimukseen kutsuttiin 10 247 yli 18-vuotiasta tutkittavaa. Tästä otoksesta satunnaistettu noin 30 %:n alaotos (n=3099) 18–74-vuotiaita kutsuttiin FinRavinto-tutkimukseen. Kutsutusta alaotoksesta 53 %:lta saatiin kerättyä hyväksytysti kaksi 24 h ruoankäyttöhaastattelua, jolloin lopullisessa aineistossa oli 1655 henkilöä. Ennen analyysejä Fineli-tietokantaan täydennettiin 236 merkittävän proteiinin lähteen aminohappokoostumukset. Kasvi- ja eläinperäisen proteiinin sekä välttämättömien aminohappojen keskiarvosaanteja tarkasteltiin sukupuolten, asuinpaikan sekä ikä- ja koulutusryhmien luokissa ja väestöryhmien väliset erot analysoitiin lineaarisella regressioanalyysilla. Kasvi- ja eläinperäisen proteiinin ja välttämättömien aminohappojen lähteet analysoitiin raaka-ainetasolla sukupuolittain. Analyyseissä käytettiin osallistumiskatoa korjaavaa painokerrointa, jotta tulokset olisivat paremmin yleistettävissä suomalaiseen aikuisväestöön. Tulokset ja johtopäätökset. Välttämättömien aminohappojen saannin keskiarvot ylittivät keskimääräisen tarpeen kaikissa tutkituissa väestöryhmissä. Vaikka saanti pieneni iän myötä, se oli keskimäärin riittävää vanhimmassakin ikäryhmässä (65–74-vuotiaat). Keskimääräisen tarpeen alle jäävien osuus oli vain 5 %, vaikka aliraportoijat olivat mukana aineistossa ja kahden päivän ruoankäyttötiedot antavat todellista leveämmän saantijakauman. Välttämättömiä aminohappoja saatiin eniten lihasta, maidosta ja viljasta, jotka kattoivat miehillä 79 % ja naisilla 76 % saannista. Miesten proteiinin saannista 29 % oli kasviperäistä ja 71 % eläinperäistä, naisilla 31 % oli kasviperäistä ja 69 % eläinperäistä. Naiset saivat energiaan suhteutettuna enemmän kasviperäistä ja vähemmän eläinperästä proteiinia kuin miehet (p≤0,006). Miehillä vanhin ikäryhmä sai suhteellisesti eniten kasviperäistä ja vähiten eläinperäistä proteiinia verrattuna nuorempiin (p≤0,050). Naisilla alin koulutusryhmä sai suhteessa vähemmän kasvi- ja enemmän eläinperäistä proteiinia verrattuna ylimpään koulutusryhmään (p≤0,016). Miehet saivat eniten eläinperäistä proteiinia lihasta ja naiset maidosta. Yli puolet kasviperäisestä proteiinista saatiin viljoista. Tulokset viittaavat siihen, että merkittävä osa suomalaisesta työikäisestä väestöstä voisi korvata osan eläinperäisistä proteiinin lähteistä kasviperäisillä proteiinin lähteillä, ilman että riittävä välttämättömien aminohappojen saanti vaarantuisi.
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(2021)Background. The interest in plant-based protein sources has increased due to environmental and health concerns. The ScenoProt intervention study was a 12-week controlled study consisting of three different omnivorous diet groups. Study group’s diets ANIMAL, 50/50 and PLANT consisted of 30%, 50% and 70% plant-based protein, respectively, with rest of the protein coming from animal-based sources. Objectives. The aim of this study was to see whether amino acid intakes differed between the diets and whether the indispensable amino acid requirements were met. The focus was to concentrate on studying the amino acids that were most limited in comparison to the requirement levels in the most plant-based group. Also, the main sources of amino acids were analysed from different food categories. Materials and methods. The ScenoProt randomised controlled intervention was performed in spring 2017. Altogether 136 healthy adult participants completed the 12-week study. Meat and dairy were partly replaced with cereals, nuts, seeds, and legumes in the PLANT and 50/50 groups. Fish and eggs were provided with equal amounts in each group. Amino acid compositions of food items were provided from different databases and combined with 4-day food records from the baseline and the end of the 12-week intervention. Differences between the diets were analysed with ANOVA. The amino acid sources were calculated from 17 different categories. Results. The intakes of protein and indispensable amino acids were highest in the ANIMAL group compared to the PLANT group (P<0.01). The requirements of indispensable amino acids were met, apart from the methionine intake in two participants (5%) in the PLANT group, who also had protein intake below the safe intake level. In the PLANT group, cereals became the main source of protein and all amino acids, and legumes the main source of lysine, whereas in the ANIMAL, meat was the main source of protein, methionine, lysine, and threonine, and milk the main source of valine and leucine. Considering all indispensable amino acids, the intake of valine in the ANIMAL and methionine in the PLANT and 50/50 groups were closest to the reference value. Conclusions. When plant-based protein sources were increased with the expense of animal-based sources, the main sources of protein and amino acids changed, but the sufficient indispensable amino acid intakes were mostly met. The sufficient protein intake could be considered somewhat more carefully in diets resembling Planetary Health diet to ensure methionine requirement. As the indispensable amino acid requirements were met in all the study diets when protein intake was above the safe intake level (0.83 g/kg), it is safe to replace animal-based sources with more plant-based sources.
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(2021)Background. The interest in plant-based protein sources has increased due to environmental and health concerns. The ScenoProt intervention study was a 12-week controlled study consisting of three different omnivorous diet groups. Study group’s diets ANIMAL, 50/50 and PLANT consisted of 30%, 50% and 70% plant-based protein, respectively, with rest of the protein coming from animal-based sources. Objectives. The aim of this study was to see whether amino acid intakes differed between the diets and whether the indispensable amino acid requirements were met. The focus was to concentrate on studying the amino acids that were most limited in comparison to the requirement levels in the most plant-based group. Also, the main sources of amino acids were analysed from different food categories. Materials and methods. The ScenoProt randomised controlled intervention was performed in spring 2017. Altogether 136 healthy adult participants completed the 12-week study. Meat and dairy were partly replaced with cereals, nuts, seeds, and legumes in the PLANT and 50/50 groups. Fish and eggs were provided with equal amounts in each group. Amino acid compositions of food items were provided from different databases and combined with 4-day food records from the baseline and the end of the 12-week intervention. Differences between the diets were analysed with ANOVA. The amino acid sources were calculated from 17 different categories. Results. The intakes of protein and indispensable amino acids were highest in the ANIMAL group compared to the PLANT group (P<0.01). The requirements of indispensable amino acids were met, apart from the methionine intake in two participants (5%) in the PLANT group, who also had protein intake below the safe intake level. In the PLANT group, cereals became the main source of protein and all amino acids, and legumes the main source of lysine, whereas in the ANIMAL, meat was the main source of protein, methionine, lysine, and threonine, and milk the main source of valine and leucine. Considering all indispensable amino acids, the intake of valine in the ANIMAL and methionine in the PLANT and 50/50 groups were closest to the reference value. Conclusions. When plant-based protein sources were increased with the expense of animal-based sources, the main sources of protein and amino acids changed, but the sufficient indispensable amino acid intakes were mostly met. The sufficient protein intake could be considered somewhat more carefully in diets resembling Planetary Health diet to ensure methionine requirement. As the indispensable amino acid requirements were met in all the study diets when protein intake was above the safe intake level (0.83 g/kg), it is safe to replace animal-based sources with more plant-based sources.
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(2021)Background Endogenous formation of possibly carcinogenic N-nitroso compounds may partly explain the association between red and processed meat and colorectal cancer. The aim of this study was to examine the effects of partial replacement of red and processed meat with legumes on the fecal total and heme-originated N-nitroso compounds (NOC) in healthy working-aged Finnish men. Methods The study was a 6-wk parallel design randomized clinical trial with two groups following either a diet supplemented with red and processed meat or a diet supplemented with legumes and red and processed meat. Total and heme-originated NOCs were analyzed from fecal homogenates using Ecomedics CLD 88. Statistical analyses were conducted using IBM SPSS Statistics 27. Independent samples t-test and Chi-Square test were used to assess the differences between the intervention groups at the baseline. Differences in total and heme-originated NOCs between the intervention groups at the endpoint were analyzed using ANCOVA (adjusted for baseline values). For correlations, Pearson correlation was used. Results 102 men completed the study. No significant differences between the groups were reported at the baseline. At the endpoint, fecal concentrations of total NOC (p < 0.0001) and heme-originated NOC (p < 0.0001) were lower in the legume and red meat group than in the red meat group. A moderate negative correlation between stool volume and NOC concentrations was observed. Conclusions The results indicate that even a partial replacement of red and processed meat with legume products can significantly reduce the total and heme-originated NOC concentrations in feces and potentially reduce the risk for the development of CRC.
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(2021)Background Endogenous formation of possibly carcinogenic N-nitroso compounds may partly explain the association between red and processed meat and colorectal cancer. The aim of this study was to examine the effects of partial replacement of red and processed meat with legumes on the fecal total and heme-originated N-nitroso compounds (NOC) in healthy working-aged Finnish men. Methods The study was a 6-wk parallel design randomized clinical trial with two groups following either a diet supplemented with red and processed meat or a diet supplemented with legumes and red and processed meat. Total and heme-originated NOCs were analyzed from fecal homogenates using Ecomedics CLD 88. Statistical analyses were conducted using IBM SPSS Statistics 27. Independent samples t-test and Chi-Square test were used to assess the differences between the intervention groups at the baseline. Differences in total and heme-originated NOCs between the intervention groups at the endpoint were analyzed using ANCOVA (adjusted for baseline values). For correlations, Pearson correlation was used. Results 102 men completed the study. No significant differences between the groups were reported at the baseline. At the endpoint, fecal concentrations of total NOC (p < 0.0001) and heme-originated NOC (p < 0.0001) were lower in the legume and red meat group than in the red meat group. A moderate negative correlation between stool volume and NOC concentrations was observed. Conclusions The results indicate that even a partial replacement of red and processed meat with legume products can significantly reduce the total and heme-originated NOC concentrations in feces and potentially reduce the risk for the development of CRC.
Now showing items 1-5 of 5